~INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE
TMI -101: Tinkering Part
Light Following Robot :
Team Member Details
Adbhut Khatri, 23115003, EE
Vankuvanath Venkatesh, 23114106, CSE
Reddi Nikhil Kumar, 23114085, CSE
Vunnam Ajay, 23114109, CSE)
Faculty Supervisor :Prof. Karun Rawat (ECE), Prof.
Abinash Kr. Swain (MIED), Prof. Shabir Khanam (CH), Prof.
Monojit Bag (PHY).
Project Implemented at: Rethink! The Tinkering Lab
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Agenda
•Introduction
•Components of the Light Following Robot
•Working Principle
•Building the Light Following Robot -
Hardware
•Building the Light Following Robot -
Wiring and Connections
•What is Arduino and it’s programming
•Demonstration
•Application
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INTRODUCTION
A robot can be defined as a mechanical device that is capable of performing a variety of tasks
on command or according to instructions programmed in advance. Engineers design robots to
perform complex tasks more easily and with greater accuracy.
•Robot is a system that contains sensors, control systems, manipulators, power supplies
and software all working together to perform a task. Designing, building, programming, and
testing a robots is a combination of physics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering,
structural engineering, mathematics and computing.
•A robot has these essential characteristics:
•Sensing : Giving your robot sensors: light sensors (eyes), touch and pressure sensors
(hands), chemical sensors (nose), hearing and sonar sensors (ears), and taste sensors
(tongue) will give your robot awareness of its environment.
•Movement: A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. Whether rolling on
wheels, walking on legs or propelling by thrusters a robot needs to be able to move.
•Energy : A robot needs to be able to power itself. A robot might be solar powered,
electrically-powered, battery powered. How your robot gets its energy will depend on what it
needs to do.
What is a robot?
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•Intelligence :A robot needs some kind of "smarts." This is where programming enters the
pictures. A programmer is the person who gives the robot its 'smarts.' The robot will have to
have some way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do. A study of robotics
means that students are actively engaged with all of these disciplines in a deeply problem-
posing problem-solving environment.
• Our project is ―The Light Following Robot. This robotic motion is dependent on light. In
this presentation, we describe our project operation and function of each parts.
Components of the Light Following Robot:
•A. LDR Light sensor Module
•B. Motor Driver For Arduino
•C. Arduino microcontroller
•D. Motor and wheels
•E. Power source(Lithium-Ion Battery) and Switch
•F. Acrylic Sheet to provide the structure
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oARDUINO BASED LIGHT FOLLOWING ROBOT:
A small demonstration:
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Arduino is a microcontroller circuit board
.Arduino is one of the component used in the
project.Arduino was a combination of wide
variety of components as usb jack,
microcontrollers ,connecters pin etc.
*Which is a major difference between microcontrollers
and Arduino is that we cannot use microcontrollers by
general programming language and need to coded in
binary and have many registers and instructions where
Arduino was a lot different we can code it in
programming language and not in binary .
*It can produce analog and square wave outputs with
very “high pression”.
#microcontroller
**Arduino**
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*There are “analog” and “digital” pins to both inputs and outputs .
* Arduino has a pre built programming software so it is much easier than
microcontrollers.
*It interact with other component by changing the potential
of pins (upto 5V) and taking information from others. We
use it here to take the input from sensor and command the
motor to move.
*We can say that it was the “brain” of the entire project
which tells what to do for everything.
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Sensor is a piece of tech which had a
noble price winning theory in it(photo
electric effect).
*Sensor as the name suggests 'sens‘ means
it will do something in the surrounding
that is gathering information from the
surrounding.
*We can say it was the eye of the project.Without it
our project is blind and it is the component which
gives input to Arduino that is light is present or not.
*it is the source of information to the entire project.
*The output of it gives to arduino and it will process
the data.
**Sensor**
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Direct current motor is an electrical device that
converts electrical energy into mechanical motion.
*It operates on the principle o
electromagnetic induction, using a
magnetic field created by a
continuous flow of DC current
through a coil to generate rotational
movement in a shaft.
*It making it a common choice for various
applications.
*Motor is used to move the construction.
*Motor gets the signal from the arduino and moves.
**DC Motor**
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**Flowchart**
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Working of the Robot
LIGHT SENSORS:The robot is equipped with one or more light
sensors, such as photodiodes or phototransistors. These sensors can
detect variations in light intensity
LIGHT DETECTION: The sensors constantly measure the light levels in
their surroundings. When they detect light above the threshold, it
means they've found the light source.
DIRECTION CONTROL: Based on the readings from the light sensors,
the robot's control system determines the direction in which the
brightest light source is located. It then adjusts the robot's movement
to move towards that direction.
MOVEMENT: The robot can have wheels or tracks for movement. It
will adjust the speed and direction of its motors to follow the light
source. For example, if the light source is on the left, it will turn the
wheels to the left to move in that direction.
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CONTINUOS ADJUSTMENT: The robot continuously adjusts
its movement to keep the light source in its field of view. If
the light source moves, the sensors will detect this change,
and the robot will update its direction accordingly.
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Summary of Current Progress
oSince it’s our first encounter with Arduino we trying to get familiar
with its working and programming.
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THANK YOU
